2015年2月28日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ –近日,国际顶尖期刊nature发表了澳大利亚科学家的一项最新研究进展,他们通过对胰腺癌病人进行全基因组测序以及CNV分析重新定义了胰腺癌突变图谱。
胰腺癌目前仍是致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,也是人类健康的一个主要负担。研究人员对100个胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)病人进行了全基因组测序以及copy number variation(CNV)分析,结果发现染色体重排导致的基因破坏在胰腺癌病人中普遍存在,这会影响导致胰腺癌发生的关键基因比如TP53,SMAD4,CDKN2A,ARID1A和ROBO2,同时还会影响一些新的胰腺癌驱动因子比如KDM6A和PREX2。研究人员提出,根据结构变化的模式不同,可将PDAC分为具有潜在临床应用价值的4个亚型:稳定型,局部重排型,零散型和不稳定型。
目前,基于platinum的化疗方法被用于临床治疗PDAC,研究人员将基因结构变化,突变特征与基因突变结合起来对表征这一治疗方法治疗效果的生物标记进行了定义,另一方面,他们发现在接受platinum治疗的8名病人中,有5人存在他们定义的相关生物标记,而在这5人中,有4人对platinum治疗产生了应答,说明这些生物标记能够指示化疗方法的治疗效果。同时,研究人员对于靶向其他类似分子机制的治疗方法的生物标记也进行了定义。
综上所述,该文章通过对胰腺癌病人进行全基因组测序和CNV分析,发现了在胰腺癌病人中存在的基因变化,并且将这一变化当作PDAC的生物标记,用以表征化疗方法的治疗效果。这项研究对推动肿瘤个体化治疗具有重要意义。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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Whole genomes redefine the mutational landscape of pancreatic cancer
Nicola Waddell, Marina Pajic, Ann-Marie Patch, David K. Chang, Karin S. Kassahn, Peter Bailey, Amber L. Johns, David Miller,Katia Nones, Kelly Quek, Michael C. J. Quinn, Alan J. Robertson, Muhammad Z. H. Fadlullah, Tim J. C. Bruxner, Angelika N. Christ, Ivon Harliwong, Senel Idrisoglu, Suzanne Manning, Craig Nourse, Ehsan Nourbakhsh, Shivangi Wani, Peter J. Wilson, Emma Markham, Nicole Cloonan, Matthew J. Anderson et al.
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal of malignancies and a major health burden. We performed whole-genome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis of 100 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Chromosomal rearrangements leading to gene disruption were prevalent, affecting genes known to be important in pancreatic cancer (TP53, SMAD4, CDKN2A, ARID1A and ROBO2) and new candidate drivers of pancreatic carcinogenesis (KDM6A and PREX2). Patterns of structural variation (variation in chromosomal structure) classified PDACs into 4 subtypes with potential clinical utility: the subtypes were termed stable, locally rearranged, scattered and unstable. A significant proportion harboured focal amplifications, many of which contained druggable oncogenes (ERBB2, MET, FGFR1, CDK6, PIK3R3 and PIK3CA), but at low individual patient prevalence. Genomic instability co-segregated with inactivation of DNA maintenance genes (BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2) and a mutational signature of DNA damage repair deficiency. Of 8 patients who received platinum therapy, 4 of 5 individuals with these measures of defective DNA maintenance responded.