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2016年4月26日讯/生物谷BIOON/–布法罗大学成瘾研究所的研究人员发现了大脑的多巴胺系统中的一个基因，它在延长寿命的过程中如何发挥重要作用：秘诀是必须在健康的环境中运动。
该研究由高级研究科学家Panayotis(Peter）k.Thanos领导，相关文章发表在在线版本《Oncotarget Aging》上。
Thanos和他的研究小组研究了多巴胺基因，为了评估其对小鼠寿命和行为的影响。多巴胺是一种神经递质，用来帮助控制大脑的感觉，并且帮助调节身体灵活性和情绪反应。
研究人员发现，只有加上一个健康的环境，包括社会交往，感觉和认知刺激，最关键的是运动时，多巴胺D2受体基因(D2R)才会明显影响寿命，体重和运动活性。
“运动是健康环境的一个重要组成部分，它的好处已经被证明是大脑功能和行为的强大的中间媒介。”Thanos说。
据D2R表达水平发现，在良好的环境下生存的小鼠比在恶劣环境中生存的小鼠的寿命长16%-22%。
“这些结果首次提供了证据证明D2R基因-环境相互作用对长寿和衰老起着重要的作用。”Thanos说。“关于解密长寿的个体差异 ，研究者针对基因和环境的二分法提供了一个严格的和长期的辩论。事实上，它们之间存在着复杂的相互作用。”
研究探索这种基因-环境交互作用应该促使人们更好地了解和预测特定环境的潜在好处，比如锻炼对老年人健康长寿的作用。（基因宝jiyinbao.com）
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Research shows certain genes, in healthy environments, can lengthen lifespan
Researchers at the University at Buffalo Research Institute on Addictions have discovered how a gene in the brain’s dopamine system can play an important role in prolonging lifespan: it must be coupled with a healthy environment that includes exercise.
The study, led by Panayotis (Peter) K. Thanos, senior research scientist at RIA, appears in the current, online version of Oncotarget Aging. Thanos and his team studied the genes in dopamine to assess their impact on lifespan and behavior in mice. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps control the brain’s reward and pleasure centers and helps regulate physical mobility and emotional response.
The researchers found that the dopamine D2 receptor gene (D2R) significantly influences lifespan, body weight and locomotor activity, but only when combined with an enriched environment that included social interaction, sensory and cognitive stimulation and, most critically, exercise. “The incorporation of exercise is an important component of an enriched environment and its benefits have been shown to be a powerful mediator of brain function and behavior,” Thanos says.
The mice in the enriched environment lived anywhere from 16 to 22 percent longer than those in a deprived environment, depending on the level of D2R expression. “These results provide the first evidence of D2R gene-environment interaction playing an important role in longevity and aging,” Thanos says. “The dichotomy over genes versus environment has provided a rigorous and long debate in deciphering individual differences in longevity.
In truth, there exists a complex interaction between the two which contribute to the differences.” Research exploring this genetic-environmental interaction should lead to a better understanding and prediction of the potential benefits of specific environments, such as those including exercise, on longevity and health during aging.