2016年6月29日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ –来自澳大利亚阿德莱德大学的研究人员对可能引起早发阿尔茨海默症的基因突变进行了分析,为该病病因研究开辟了新的方向。
之前研究已经证明beta淀粉样蛋白出现异常积累是引起阿尔茨海默症的重要原因。但是也有研究人员对此表示担忧,认为上述情况并不能解释所有病因,并且至今没有开发出成功的治疗方法。阿德莱德大学的科学家们与澳大利亚其他大学的研究人员共同合作,通过一系列分析提出了关于PSEN1基因突变如何触发早发阿尔茨海默病的新理论。
相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Journal of Alzheimer`s Disease上。
在这项研究中,研究人员对过去关于PSEN1基因的研究进行了分析,他们注意到该基因的突变类型与其是否能够引发阿尔茨海默病之间存在关联。正常PSEN1基因编码的蛋白产物在细胞中发挥许多不同作用,许多科学家都曾对PSEN1基因发生突变后如何影响beta淀粉样蛋白产生进行研究,阿德莱德大学的研究人员希望从一个更加广阔更加全面的角度对该基因的突变数据进行分析,不仅仅局限在beta淀粉样蛋白的产生,这样可以讲述一个不同的故事。
当PSEN1蛋白在细胞内发挥作用,其能够参与两条信号途径,其中一条能够导致beta淀粉样蛋白产生,而另外一条研究相对较少的信号途径控制着许多其他重要活动,包括细胞如何回收胞内成分以及如何应答氧气供应的限制。
研究结果表明基因突变如何影响PSEN1蛋白结构及其与其他蛋白的相互作用对第二条信号途径的影响更大。研究人员认为这项研究提出的理论或可扩展到对迟发性阿尔茨海默病发病机制的理解,他们现在正在阿尔茨海默病的动物模型上进行更进一步的研究。(基因宝jiyinbao.com)
Evidence For and Against a Pathogenic Role of Reduced γ-Secretase Activity in Familial Alzheimer’s Disease
Jayne, Tanyaa | Newman, Morgana | Verdile, Giuseppeb; c; d | Sutherland, Grege | Münch, Geraldf | Musgrave, Iang | Moussavi Nik, Seyyed Hania | Lardelli, Michael
The majority of mutations causing familial Alzheimer’s disease (fAD) have been found in the gene PRESENILIN1 (PSEN1) with additional mutations in the related gene PRESENILIN2 (PSEN2). The best characterized function of PRESENILIN (PSEN) proteins is in γ-secretase enzyme activity. One substrate of γ-secretase is encoded by the gene AMYLOID BETA A4 PRECURSOR PROTEIN (AβPP/APP) that is a fAD mutation locus. AβPP is the source of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide enriched in the brains of people with fAD or the more common, late onset, sporadic form of AD, sAD. These observations have resulted in a focus on γ-secretase activity and Aβ as we attempt to understand the molecular basis of AD pathology. In this paper we briefly review some of the history of research on γ-secretase in AD. We then discuss the main ideas regarding the role of γ-secretase and the PSEN genes in this disease. We examine the significance of the “fAD mutation reading frame preservation rule” that applies to PSEN1 and PSEN2 (and AβPP) and look at alternative roles for AβPP and Aβ in fAD. We present a case for an alternative interpretation of published data on the role of γ-secretase activity and fAD-associated mutations in AD pathology. Evidence supports a “PSEN holoprotein multimer hypothesis” where PSEN fAD mutations generate mutant PSEN holoproteins that multimerize with wild type holoprotein and dominantly interfere with an AD-critical function(s) such as autophagy or secretion of Aβ. Holoprotein multimerization may be required for the endoproteolysis that activates PSENs’ γ-secretase activity.