图片来源:medicalxpress.com
2016年8月27日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ –许多特征构成了人的面部,比如鼻子的尺寸和脸部的宽度等,而这些都源于特殊的遗传变异,近日刊登在国际杂志PLoS Genetics上的研究报告中,来自匹兹堡大学的研究者就对此进行了深入研究。
多项研究证据表明,一个人的面部形态由机体的多个基因控制,但如今科学家们并不清楚这些遗传突变如何引发人类形形色色面部的出现;为了鉴别这些突变,科学家们进行了一项全基因组关联性研究分析,他们对来自3118名有欧洲血统的健康个体进行3D成像,并对20种面部特征之间的关联性以及基因组中大约100万个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)进行分析,结果研究者发现,参与者的面布尺寸、眼间距、鼻子的尺寸、嘴唇和眼镜之间的距离在统计学上都和SNPs有着明显的关联,这项研究中,研究者同时还考虑到了两项早期的全基因组关联性研究结果,结果也证实了此前的研究发现。
文章的通讯作者Seth Weinberg说道,这项研究中我们鉴别出了和面部特征相关的多个遗传性关联,而这些在早期的全基因组关联性研究中并未进行描述,让我们最为激动的是,和染色体区域相关的位点都包含有已知的颅面功能相关基因,诸如这样的研究发现或可阐明基因在面部形成过程中重要作用,同时还将帮助研究者理解引发新生儿颅面出生缺陷的原因。
文章中,研究者发现的促成面部形状改变的多个基因区域包含着那些对面部发育和面部畸形非常重要的关键基因,未来研究者希望能够鉴别出引发面部异常,比如唇腭裂的相关遗传风险因子。最后研究者指出,这项研究仅仅阐明了一部分影响人类面部尺寸和形状的基因,由于影响面部形态学的许多基因很有可能具有较小的效应,因此成功绘制出大量的相关基因图谱或许需要较大容量的样本,并且还需要利用更为深入先进的方法去对所研究的面部特征进行精细化分析。(基因宝jiyinbao.com)
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Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Influencing Normal Human Facial Morphology
John R. Shaffer , Ekaterina Orlova , Myoung Keun Lee , Elizabeth J. Leslie, Zachary D. Raffensperger, Carrie L. Heike, Michael L. Cunningham, Jacqueline T. Hecht, Chung How Kau, Nichole L. Nidey, Lina M. Moreno, George L. Wehby, Jeffrey C. Murray et al.
Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans, yet little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of many common facial features. We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of 20 quantitative facial measurements derived from the 3D surface images of 3118 healthy individuals of European ancestry belonging to two US cohorts. Analyses were performed on just under one million genotyped SNPs (Illumina OmniExpress+Exome v1.2 array) imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel (Phase 3). We observed genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 x 10−8) for cranial base width at 14q21.1 and 20q12, intercanthal width at 1p13.3 and Xq13.2, nasal width at 20p11.22, nasal ala length at 14q11.2, and upper facial depth at 11q22.1. Several genes in the associated regions are known to play roles in craniofacial development or in syndromes affecting the face: MAFB, PAX9, MIPOL1, ALX3, HDAC8, and PAX1. We also tested genotype-phenotype associations reported in two previous genome-wide studies and found evidence of replication for nasal ala length and SNPs in CACNA2D3 and PRDM16. These results provide further evidence that common variants in regions harboring genes of known craniofacial function contribute to normal variation in human facial features. Improved understanding of the genes associated with facial morphology in healthy individuals can provide insights into the pathways and mechanisms controlling normal and abnormal facial morphogenesis.