2015年4月9日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ –在过去几年里,科学家们在长非编码RNA功能研究方面取得了显著进展,lncRNA作为多种生物学过程的重要调控因子,目前已经发现其在多种疾病过程如癌症的发展过程中具有重要作用。
近日,来自美国哈佛大学医学院的研究人员在著名国际学术期刊cell在线发表了他们的最新研究进展,他们发现lncRNA的一个亚型–假性基因可以作为竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)促进BRAF表达和MAPK激活,导致癌症的发生。
假性基因是lncRNA的一个亚型,其来自于蛋白编码基因,但失去了编码蛋白质的能力,长期被当作基因组进化过程中产生的无功能性”垃圾”。但绝大多数假性基因都存在具有高度同源性并且具有蛋白编码功能的parental genes,并且能够参与其parental genes的转录后调控。
之前有研究通过体外实验证明假性基因会通过多种机制促进细胞发生致癌转化,假性基因能够与其parental genes竞争同一群miRNA,影响miRNA对蛋白编码基因的调控作用。但假性基因影响癌症发展的体内证据一直未被发现。在该研究中,研究人员发现过表达全长BRAF假性基因BRAF-rs1或其假的”编码序列”以及3`UTR的基因工程小鼠会发生侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,类似于人类的弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。研究人员通过实验证明Braf-rs1及其人类直系同源基因BRAFP1具有致癌活性,至少是部分性的,作为竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)促进BRAF表达和MAPK激活,发挥促癌作用。同时,研究人员还发现BRAFP1的转录或基因组异常在多种人类癌症中经常出现,其中包括B细胞淋巴瘤。
综上所述,这项研究利用基因工程小鼠证明假性基因具有促癌潜能,提示我们ceRNA介导的microRNA隔离可能在促进癌症发生方面具有重要作用。(基因宝jiyinbao.com)
The BRAF Pseudogene Functions as a Competitive Endogenous RNA and Induces Lymphoma In Vivo
Florian A. Karreth1, Markus Reschke1, Anna Ruocco1, Christopher Ng1, Bjoern Chapuy2, Valentine Léopold1, Marcela Sjoberg3, Thomas M. Keane3, Akanksha Verma4, Ugo Ala1, Yvonne Tay1, 9, David Wu5, Nina Seitzer1, Martin Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera3, Anne Bothmer1, Jacqueline Fung1, Fernanda Langellotto6, Scott J. Rodig7, Olivier Elemento4, Margaret A. Shipp2, David J. Adams3, Roberto Chiarle6, 8, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Research over the past decade has suggested important roles for pseudogenes in physiology and disease. In vitro experiments demonstrated that pseudogenes contribute to cell transformation through several mechanisms. However, in vivo evidence for a causal role of pseudogenes in cancer development is lacking. Here, we report that mice engineered to overexpress either the full-length murine B-Raf pseudogene Braf-rs1or its pseudo “CDS” or “3′ UTR” develop an aggressive malignancy resembling human diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We show that Braf-rs1 and its human ortholog, BRAFP1, elicit their oncogenic activity, at least in part, as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that elevate BRAF expression and MAPK activation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we find that transcriptional or genomic aberrations of BRAFP1 occur frequently in multiple human cancers, including B cell lymphomas. Our engineered mouse models demonstrate the oncogenic potential of pseudogenes and indicate that ceRNA-mediated microRNA sequestration may contribute to the development of cancer.